Objectives of Plant Biotechnology: <\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\nThe objectives of plant biotechnology are as follows.<\/span><\/p>\n\n- Useful biochemical production.<\/span><\/li>\n
- Rapid clonal multiplication (adventitious shoot\/bulb).<\/span><\/li>\n
- Virus elimination.<\/span><\/li>\n
- The rapid development of homozygous lines by producing haploids (anther culture, ovary culture, inter-specific hybridization).<\/span><\/li>\n
- Recovery of difficulties to produce hybrids (embryo rescue, in-vitro pollination).<\/span><\/li>\n
- Germplasm conservation of vegetative reproducing plants.<\/span><\/li>\n
- Genetic plant alteration (Somaclonal variation, Somatic hybridization, Genetic enhancement, and Hybridization).<\/span><\/li>\n
- Development of genome maps and the use of molecular markers to support the efforts of traditional breeding.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Achievement of Biotechnology:<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\nAchievements of plant biotechnology are as follows.<\/span><\/p>\n(a) Achievement in Agriculture<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n\n- Embryo culture<\/span><\/li>\n
- Tissue culture<\/span><\/li>\n
- Production of somatic hybrids and cybrids<\/span><\/li>\n
- Increase biotic & abiotic stress<\/span><\/li>\n
- Development of herbicide-resistant crops<\/span><\/li>\n
- Increase nitrogen fixation capacity of the plant<\/span><\/li>\n
- Development of insect-resistant crops<\/span><\/li>\n
- Development of virus-resistant crops<\/span><\/li>\n
- Development of other disease-resistant crops<\/span><\/li>\n
- Improvement of quality of crops increase the nutrient value of crops<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
(b) Biotechnology in human health<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\nProduction of-<\/span><\/p>\n\n- Antibodies<\/span><\/li>\n
- DNA & RNA<\/span><\/li>\n
- Artificial vaccines<\/span><\/li>\n
- Rare & highly valuable drugs e.g.; insulin.<\/span><\/li>\n
- Technology for gene therapy<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
(c) Biotechnology in Environment<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\nBacteria are being utilized for-<\/span><\/p>\n\n- Detoxification of industrial wastes<\/span><\/li>\n
- Treatment of sewage<\/span><\/li>\n
- Biogas production<\/span><\/li>\n
- Composting<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
(d) Achievement in Animal<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n\n- Test tube baby<\/span><\/li>\n
- Animal clones<\/span><\/li>\n
- Development of transgenic animal resistant to the special disease<\/span><\/li>\n
- Animal breeding<\/span><\/li>\n
- Vaccine production<\/span><\/li>\n
- Animal nutrition development<\/span><\/li>\n
- Embryo transfer<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
(e) Biotechnology in medicine<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n\n- Identification of genetic disease<\/span><\/li>\n
- Biopharmaceuticals medicine production<\/span><\/li>\n
- DNA fingerprinting<\/span><\/li>\n
- Skin grafting<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Genetic Engineering:<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\nThe term genetic engineering is used to describe the process by which the genetic makeup of an organism can be altered using recombinant DNA technology. This involves the use of DNA that contains one or more genes of interest.<\/span><\/p>\nWhy is there greater genetic engineering than traditional breeding?<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n\n- Genetic Engineering enables one or only a few genes to be directly transferred between species that are closely or distantly related.<\/span><\/li>\n
- Compared with traditional breeding, crop enhancement can be accomplished in a shorter period.<\/span><\/li>\n
- Genetic engineering makes it possible to alter plants by deleting or shutting off specific genes.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
<\/p>\n
Difference between conventional breeding and genetic engineering<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\nSl. No.<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\nconventional breeding<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\ngenetic engineering<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n01<\/span><\/td>\n | Limited to exchange between the same or very closely related species<\/span><\/td>\n | Allows the direct transfer of one or just a few genes, between either closely or distantly related organisms<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n02<\/span><\/td>\n | Takes long time to achieve<\/span><\/td>\n | Crop improvement can be achieved in a shorter time compared to conventional breeding<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n03<\/span><\/p>\n <\/td>\n | Undesirable genes can be transferred along with desirable genes<\/span><\/td>\n | Genetic\u00a0 engineering allows plants to be modified by removing or switching off particular gene<\/span><\/p>\n <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n \u00a0<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n#agro_research_international<\/span><\/p>\nContact:\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\nIf you have any questions, thoughts, or suggestions, please contact us or join our social media networks.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\nEmail us:\u00a0<\/strong> agribusinessedu@gmail.com, info@agribusinessedu.com<\/span><\/p>\nFeel free to comment:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\nYour email address will not be shared with anyone.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n
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