{"id":504,"date":"2020-09-28T20:52:44","date_gmt":"2020-09-28T14:52:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/agribusinessedu.com\/?p=504"},"modified":"2020-12-21T15:31:54","modified_gmt":"2020-12-21T09:31:54","slug":"biotechnology-and-genetic-engineering-basic-introduction","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/agribusinessedu.com\/biotechnology-and-genetic-engineering-basic-introduction\/","title":{"rendered":"Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering basic introduction"},"content":{"rendered":"<h4><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Biotechnology:<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering basic introduction. The term biotechnology-derived through the fusion of biology with technology. Biotechnology consists of applying the principles of science and engineering to the production of materials by biological agents for the supply of products and services.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Biotechnology is the controlled use of biological agents such as; microorganisms or cellular components for beneficial use.<\/span><\/p>\n<h4><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Types of Biotechnology:<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">There are two types of biotechnology. Such as;<\/span><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Old\/Traditional biotechnology and<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Modern biotechnology.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h4><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Old\/Traditional Biotechnology:<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">The processes which are based on the natural capabilities of microorganisms are commonly known as Old\/Traditional biotechnology. Beer, Wine, Cheese, vinegar, curd, and many foods have been produced using traditional biotechnology.<\/span><\/p>\n<h4><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Modern Biotechnology: <\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">The process by which a Genetically Modified Organism (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/nutrition\/gmo-pros-and-cons\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">GMO<\/a>) is developed through recombinant DNA technology is called modern biotechnology.<\/span><\/p>\n<h4><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Areas of Biotechnology:<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Some important areas in which biotechnology is making marked contributions are listed below.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Human Health<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Medicine<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Animal Health<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Animal husbandry<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Dairy<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Chemical and biochemical<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Food processing and beverages<\/span><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/agribusinessedu.com\/organic-agriculture-introduction\/\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Agriculture<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Forestry<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Horticulture and floriculture<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Environment renewable energy and fuels<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Fisheries and aquaculture<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Branches of Biotechnology:<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Plant Biotechnology<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Animal Biotechnology<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Medical Biotechnology<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Industrial Biotechnology<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Environmental Biotechnology<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Marine Biotechnology and<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Bioinformatics Biotechnology<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Objectives of Plant Biotechnology: <\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">The objectives of plant biotechnology are as follows.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Useful biochemical production.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Rapid clonal multiplication (adventitious shoot\/bulb).<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Virus elimination.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">The rapid development of homozygous lines by producing haploids (anther culture, ovary culture, inter-specific hybridization).<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Recovery of difficulties to produce hybrids (embryo rescue, in-vitro pollination).<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Germplasm conservation of vegetative reproducing plants.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Genetic plant alteration (Somaclonal variation, Somatic hybridization, Genetic enhancement, and Hybridization).<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Development of genome maps and the use of molecular markers to support the efforts of traditional breeding.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Achievement of Biotechnology:<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Achievements of plant biotechnology are as follows.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>(a) Achievement in Agriculture<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Embryo culture<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Tissue culture<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Production of somatic hybrids and cybrids<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Increase biotic &amp; abiotic stress<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Development of herbicide-resistant crops<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Increase nitrogen fixation capacity of the plant<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Development of insect-resistant crops<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Development of virus-resistant crops<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Development of other disease-resistant crops<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Improvement of quality of crops increase the nutrient value of crops<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>(b) Biotechnology in human health<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Production of-<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Antibodies<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">DNA &amp; RNA<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Artificial vaccines<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Rare &amp; highly valuable drugs e.g.; insulin.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Technology for gene therapy<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>(c) Biotechnology in Environment<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Bacteria are being utilized for-<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Detoxification of industrial wastes<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Treatment of sewage<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Biogas production<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Composting<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4><span style=\"color: #000000;\">(<strong>d) Achievement in Animal<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Test tube baby<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Animal clones<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Development of transgenic animal resistant to the special disease<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Animal breeding<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Vaccine production<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Animal nutrition development<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Embryo transfer<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>(e) Biotechnology in medicine<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Identification of genetic disease<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Biopharmaceuticals medicine production<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">DNA fingerprinting<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Skin grafting<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Genetic Engineering:<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">The term genetic engineering is used to describe the process by which the genetic makeup of an organism can be altered using recombinant DNA technology. This involves the use of DNA that contains one or more genes of interest.<\/span><\/p>\n<h4><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Why is there greater genetic engineering than traditional breeding?<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Genetic Engineering enables one or only a few genes to be directly transferred between species that are closely or distantly related.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Compared with traditional breeding, crop enhancement can be accomplished in a shorter period.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Genetic engineering makes it possible to alter plants by deleting or shutting off specific genes.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Difference between conventional breeding and genetic engineering<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"72\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Sl. No.<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<td width=\"204\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>conventional breeding<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<td width=\"300\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>genetic engineering<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"72\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">01<\/span><\/td>\n<td width=\"204\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Limited to exchange between the same or very closely related species<\/span><\/td>\n<td width=\"300\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Allows the direct transfer of one or just a few genes, between either closely or distantly related organisms<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"72\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">02<\/span><\/td>\n<td width=\"204\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Takes long time to achieve<\/span><\/td>\n<td width=\"300\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Crop improvement can be achieved in a shorter time compared to conventional breeding<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"72\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">03<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/td>\n<td width=\"204\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Undesirable genes can be transferred along with desirable genes<\/span><\/td>\n<td width=\"300\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Genetic\u00a0 engineering allows plants to be modified by removing or switching off particular gene<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Biotechnology: Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering basic introduction. The term biotechnology-derived through the fusion of biology with technology. Biotechnology consists of applying the principles of science and engineering to the production of materials by biological agents for the supply of products and services. Biotechnology is the controlled use of biological agents such as; microorganisms or cellular [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":505,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[98],"tags":[223,222,225,224,226],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v22.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering basic introduction - Agribusiness Education and Research International<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering basic introduction. 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