Onion Cultivation Technique - Agribusiness Education and Research International

Onions are an important cash crop. The onion cultivation technique is important for this cash crop. Onion is used as a spice and vegetable. At present, our country produces about 6 lakh 79 thousand metric tons of onion every year on only 265.6 thousand acres of land. Onion cultivation can be seen almost everywhere in the world. Onion is cultivated not only in winter but also in the monsoon season.

Suitable land and soil:

Fertile sandy loam soil is very good for onion cultivation. Onion cultivation in the rainy season requires high ground where rainwater does not collect. The land should have an irrigation and drainage system.

Caste Introduction:

Bari Onion-1:

The tuber of the variety is more porous. Each tree has 10-12 leaves. Yield per hectare is 12-16 tons. Seed yield is 600-750 kg per hectare. Barry Onion-1 Purple Bloch and Stem Phyllum Disease Resistant. The variety is suitable for cultivation in the Rabi season.

Bari Onion-2:

The variety is a short-term crop especially in Kharif season i.e. in summer. It is round and red in color. For early cultivation, seeds can be sown in the seedbed from mid-February to the first week of March and 40-45 days old seedlings can be planted in the field in April. Seeds are sown in the seedbed in June-July for nabi cultivation. Yield per hectare (246th century) is 22 tons.

Bari Onion-3:

The variety is a short-term crop especially in Kharif season i.e. in summer. It is round and red in color. Mid-June to mid-July is suitable month for sowing seeds. The best time to sow seeds in early cultivation is from mid-February to the first week of March and April is the best time to plant seedlings.

Bari Onion-4:

It is a high yielding winter onion. The shape is round, the color is grayish reddish in color and reddish. Yield per hectare is 18-22 tons.

Bari Onion-5:

This variety is a short term crop suitable for summer cultivation. It can be cultivated all year round. Seed to the harvest time period required 95-110 days. The average yield per hectare is 18-20 tons.

Local varieties:

Among the local varieties, Taherpuri, Bhati of Faridpur, Jhitka, Kailasnagar are notable. The yield of these two varieties doubles in the early Rabi season and the quality of tuber also improves. Two varieties of onion invented and mentioned have been approved for commercial cultivation in North Bengal, Kushtia, Jessore, and Faridpur.

Characteristics of good seeds:

# If you press good seeds with your hands, the pressure will not subside. Bad seeds will put pressure.

# If you press it with your teeth in the mouth, it will break if it is a good seed. Bad seeds will be flattened.

# If you put it in water, it will be submerged in water. It will float if it is bad.

Seedling preparation:

25-30 gms of seed is required for each 3×1 m seedbed. Onions can be cultivated in Rabi and Kharif seasons. Seeds are sown in July-August (Shravan-Bhadra) for the Kharif season and February-March (Magh-Falgun) for Rabi season. The weeds of the land are cleared and well cultivated and a seedbed of size 3×1 m is kept with a ladder for one week. Before sowing the seeds, the seeds should be soaked in the evening on the previous day, picked up the next day, dried in the sun for 1 hour and then sown in the seedbed. After sowing the seeds should be covered with loose soil. The next day after sowing the seeds should be provided shade in the bed. The seedbed should be covered during the day and kept open at night. If necessary, give water with a shower.

Planting of saplings:

The land is prepared with 5 cultivations and ladders. 15×10 cm Seedlings are planted at a distance. During the rainy season 1 m wide and 15 cm. Seedlings are planted by making high beds. 30 cm between the two beds. Wide water drainage ditches are kept. 40-45 days old seedlings are suitable for planting.

Fertilizer management:

8-10 tons of dung, 250-260 kg of urea, 190-20 kg of TSP, and 150-160 kg of MOP fertilizer are applied per hectare in onion land. At the time of land preparation, 180-180 kg of urea, and the rest of the fertilizer has to be mixed in the soil. The remaining urea fertilizer is applied 20 days after planting.

Irrigation and weed management:

If there is a lack of sap in the land, irrigation should be given. In the monsoon season, drainage ditches should be kept so that rainwater cannot stand. The land should be kept free from weeds. After irrigation, the land should be loosened with a hoe. In the case of onion tuber production, the flower buds should be broken as soon as they are seen.

Disease and Insect Management:

Insect name: Thrips

This insect is small but sucks the sap from the leaves so the tree becomes weak. For that reason, if the leaves in the field look pale, you should go closer and look carefully, otherwise, the yield will be reduced a lot. Insects are very small in shape. The female insects are slender, yellowish. Adult males are dark brown. The baby is white or yellow. They have long spots on their backs.

Damage pattern:

Infected leaves turn silver as they suck sap. Infected leaves have brown spots or spots. In more attacks, the leaves dry out and fall off. The rhizomes are small and distorted in shape.

Life cycle:

Female insects lay 45-50 eggs in leaf cells. Nymphs (chicks) hatch from eggs in 5-10 days. The nymph goes through two stages in 15-30 days. It takes food in the first stage and stays on the ground without taking food in the second stage. They breed 6 times a year. And the female insect is able to give birth without mating with the male insect.

Management:

Use of white adhesive traps. This insect can be controlled by increasing the number of spiders in the field. In case of severe infestation, Cypermexin group Cyperin, Cyper or Imadichloro feed group Admire 1 ml Cypermexin or Imida chlorophyll 0.5 ml per liter should be sprayed on the plant for 4 to 5 consecutive days.

Insect name: Jab insect

Damage pattern:

Jab insects in groups suck the juice of onion leaves, as a result of which the plant becomes weak and yellowish. The fluid that comes out of the anus of a jab beetle is called honeydew, which when stuck in the leaves gives rise to a black fungus called cotton mold.

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